ABSTRACT
For all suspected, clinical, or confirmed cases of scabies, treatment should be initiated. Affected patients should be adequately isolated, and high-risk groups with close contact histories should be treated irrespective of their symptoms. Optimal treatment strategies can be selected based on age, clinical subtype, and patient’s health status. In Korea, commercially available preparations for scabies treatment include topical 5% permethrin, topical 10% crotamiton, and oral ivermectin. Topical 5% permethrin is the first-line selective treatment for both classic and crusted scabies. Alternative treatments are topical 10% crotamiton and oral ivermectin. Following treatment completion, a follow-up visit at 2 and 4 weeks is recommended to monitor therapeutic response. Treatment failure is considered when scabies mites or burrows are detected, upon development of new clinical characteristics, or upon aggravation of pruritus. Scabies itch should be adequately managed with emollients, oral antihistamines, and topical corticosteroids. Preventive measures, including personal hygiene, patient education, and environmental control should be rendered to reduce the transmission of scabies.
ABSTRACT
Scabies is a skin disease caused by the parasite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, primarily transmitted via direct skin or sexual contact or, less commonly, via contact with infested fomites. In Korea, the incidence of scabies has decreased from approximately 50,000 people/yr in 2010 to approximately 30,000 people/yr in 2021. However, outbreaks have been consistently observed in residential facilities, such as nursing facilities, particularly among the older population. The clinical manifestations of scabies vary depending on a patient’s age, health status, number of mites, and transmission route. Typical clinical presentations of classic scabies include intense nocturnal pruritus and characteristic skin rashes (burrows and erythematous papules), with a predilection for the interdigital web spaces, inner wrists, periumbilical areas, axillae, and genital areas. Unlike classic scabies, older adults with immunodeficiency or neurological disorders exhibit hyperkeratotic scaly lesions or an atypical distribution with mild-to-non pruritus (crusted scabies). Diagnosis of scabies is based on clinical symptoms and results of diagnostic tests aimed at identifying the presence of the parasite. Although a close contact history and characteristic clinical findings are suggestive of scabies, confirmation of diagnosis requires detection of scabies mites, eggs, or scybala.This can be achieved through light microscopy of skin samples, non-invasive dermoscopy, and other high-resolution in vivo imaging techniques.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Avoiding causative allergens is important for controlling the clinical course of atopic dermatitis (AD). Allergen sensitization is influenced by many factors, such as the environmental factors. Although socioeconomic development, climate, and lifestyle have changed and the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased in Korea over the past few decades, there is little information about changes in common allergens over time. @*Objective@#This study aimed to identify the trends of common allergens in patients with AD over a 10-year period based on the results of the multiple allergen simultaneous test (MAST). @*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,414 patients with AD (603 adults and 811 children) over a period of 10 years. The serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and specific IgE levels of 41 allergens were determined using the MAST. @*Results@#House dust and house dust mites were the most prevalent allergens in both adult and pediatric patients during the 10-year period; however, the percentage of higher-class responses has decreased in recent years. The number of patients sensitized to house dust, cats, and egg whites increased, whereas that of patients sensitized to cockroaches, storage mites, beef, and rice decreased for both adults and children. No significant changes were observed in the total number of sensitizing allergens over time. @*Conclusion@#Common allergens in patients with AD have change over time. Based on the findings of this study, physicians and patients should consider changing their disease prevention and management strategies.
ABSTRACT
A 47-year-old man with a 25-year history of Crohn’s disease, presenting asymptomatic erythematous scaly patches (size, 1∼3 cm in diameter) on his back, left hand, right wrist, left ankle, and left sole, visited our clinic. Histopathological examination of the lesions revealed Bowen’s disease. Herein, we report a rare case of multiple Bowen’s disease in the skin, away from the anogenital region, in a patient with Crohn’s disease.
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Background@#The use of makeup is popular among Korean adolescents. With the increased use of color cosmetics, there are concerns that heavy application may cause skin problems or aggravate acne, a condition highly prevalent in this age group. Other than makeup, cosmetic products targeting acne are also easily accessible and often used. Currently, little is known about the use of these products in Korean middle school students and their understanding of its effect on the skin. @*Objective@#This study investigated the prevalence of “color cosmetics” and cosmetics targeting acne” among Korean students and their awareness of the effects of these products on their skin.Method: A questionnaire survey was conducted of 192 students from Dawon Middle School in Hwasung. The questionnaire consisted of detailed inquiries regarding the use of color cosmetics and cosmetics targeting acne and their effect on the skin. @*Results@#A total of 192 responses were analyzed. Sixty-three (32.8%) students reported experience with putting on makeup. Among these 63 students, 35 (55.5%) responded that their skin condition had worsened after applying makeup, which was associated with the frequency and extent of color cosmetic use (p＜0.05). Among the 106 (52.2%) students with acne, 63% reported having tried acne-targeting cosmetics. Approximately 14.3% of this population reported feeling very satisfied with the effect of these cosmetics on acne. @*Conclusion@#The results of our study indicated that a significant percentage of middle school adolescents are using makeup. As skin troubles may arise with the use of color cosmetics, an educational guide on minimizing application and properly removing the products should be provided to this population. Acne is highly prevalent in adolescents and cosmetics targeting acne are easily accessible. The belief that acne-targeting cosmetics can replace hospital treatment can be risky and should be thoroughly explained by dermatologists.
ABSTRACT
Cosmetic facial tattoo as semi-permanent make-up for the eyebrows is gaining popularity in Korea. Consequently, the incidence of tattoo-related complications, including local skin infections, allergic reactions, and non-allergic granulomatous reactions, is also increasing. Herein, we report two cases of granulomatous reactions to semi-permanent eyebrow tattoos. Clinicians should always keep in mind that both systemic sarcoidosis and delayed complications associated with tattooing can manifest as granulomatous reactions. Therefore, every granulomatous reaction at the tattoo site should be evaluated to differentiate sarcoidosis from foreign body granuloma.
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Filler injection is an extremely popular cosmetic procedure in Korea, but surprisingly few dermatologists are aware of the package inserts in filler products. In the era of legal dispute, it is important that we fully understand the indications, contraindications, and side effects of the individual filler products. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of the contents of package inserts of filler products that are commercially available in Korea, especially in terms of the contraindications of filler injection. The authors emphasize that greater improvement in the Korean package inserts of filler products can be expected. Currently, practicing physicians are usually blamed for filler complications. We also found many significant translational errors. We hope that dermatologists take more interest in filler package inserts by reading this overview.
Subject(s)
Dissent and Disputes , Hope , Korea , Product LabelingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Treatment of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) with intense pulsed light (IPL) has recently produced promising results. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and histological outcomes of small-to-medium sized CMN treated with IPL alone and in combination with erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er: YAG) laser. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 26 small-to-medium sized CMN treated as described above. The reduction in visible pigmentation, signs of recurrence and any adverse skin changes were evaluated by two independent clinicians. RESULTS: Seventeen patients completed treatment and were followed-up. Nine were not able to complete treatment due to work, change in residence, and treatment related stress. Ten patients received IPL alone (mean: 10.5 sessions) and 7 underwent treatment with IPL (mean: 7.7 sessions) and Er: YAG/IPL combination therapy (mean: 4.7 sessions). The initial treatment outcome was cleared in 5 patients and excellent in 12. Fourteen patients (82.4%) showed CMN recurrence one year after treatment completion. The histological results from a patient with an excellent clinical outcome showed remnant nevus cells nests in the deep dermis. CONCLUSION: IPL treatment alone and in combination with Er: YAG laser are not definitive treatments for CMN and should not be considered as first-line treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dermis , Erbium , Intense Pulsed Light Therapy , Lasers, Solid-State , Nevus , Nevus, Pigmented , Pigmentation , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Skin , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Treatment of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) with intense pulsed light (IPL) has recently produced promising results. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and histological outcomes of small-to-medium sized CMN treated with IPL alone and in combination with erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er: YAG) laser. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 26 small-to-medium sized CMN treated as described above. The reduction in visible pigmentation, signs of recurrence and any adverse skin changes were evaluated by two independent clinicians. RESULTS: Seventeen patients completed treatment and were followed-up. Nine were not able to complete treatment due to work, change in residence, and treatment related stress. Ten patients received IPL alone (mean: 10.5 sessions) and 7 underwent treatment with IPL (mean: 7.7 sessions) and Er: YAG/IPL combination therapy (mean: 4.7 sessions). The initial treatment outcome was cleared in 5 patients and excellent in 12. Fourteen patients (82.4%) showed CMN recurrence one year after treatment completion. The histological results from a patient with an excellent clinical outcome showed remnant nevus cells nests in the deep dermis. CONCLUSION: IPL treatment alone and in combination with Er: YAG laser are not definitive treatments for CMN and should not be considered as first-line treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dermis , Erbium , Intense Pulsed Light Therapy , Lasers, Solid-State , Nevus , Nevus, Pigmented , Pigmentation , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Skin , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A cutaneous sinus tract of odontogenic origin occurs when purulent by-products of dental pulp necrosis spread along the path of least resistance from the root apex to the skin on the face. Patients presenting with this condition usually visit a dermatologist first, as the lesion can mimic various dermatologic pathologies, ranging from an epidermal cyst to basal cell carcinoma. The location of the sinus in the head and neck region should lead the dermatologist to seek a dental origin in order to avoid misdiagnosis. The lesion may persist for long periods before a correct diagnosis is made and the odontogenic source is treated appropriately. Herein, we report a case of a cutaneous sinus tract of odontogenic origin.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Dental Fistula , Dental Pulp Necrosis , Diagnosis , Diagnostic Errors , Epidermal Cyst , Head , Neck , Pathology , SkinABSTRACT
Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD) is a rare dermatosis, histologically characterized by an interstitial granulomatous infiltrate. It is associated with inflammatory arthritis, various medications, and autoimmune conditions. It is also associated with malignancies such as breast, endometrial, lung, and esophageal cancers as well as hematologic malignancies such as lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndrome. Herein we describe a case of IGD associated with prostate cancer, which has not been reported in the literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis , Breast , Dermatitis , Esophageal Neoplasms , Hematologic Neoplasms , Immunoglobulin D , Lung , Lymphoma , Myelodysplastic Syndromes , Prostate , Prostatic Neoplasms , Skin DiseasesABSTRACT
No abstract available.
ABSTRACT
The term electrosurgery refers to the passage of high-frequency alternating electrical current through the tissue, to achieve a specific surgical effect. It is used in everyday dermatologic practice for various purposes, including tissue dissection, bleeding control, and the removal of common skin lesions such as viral warts, melanocytic nevi, and cherry angiomas. Considering the nature of the device, adverse effects including skin burn and scarring can occur at any stage of the procedure. Therefore, it is essential that electrosurgery be performed by skilled and well-trained physicians. In this paper, we introduce a brief history of electrosurgery and present its categories and their clinical uses. In addition, the possible adverse effects and safety measures of electrosurgery are addressed.
Subject(s)
Burns , Cicatrix , Dermatology , Electrosurgery , Hemangioma , Hemorrhage , Nevus, Pigmented , Skin , WartsABSTRACT
Porokeratosis is a group of genetic diseases characterized by clonal proliferation of keratinocytes. We report a 16-year-old female who presented with both linear porokeratosis and disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. The unusual coexistence of these two types of porokeratosis is an example of a type 2 segmental manifestation of an autosomal dominant skin disorder.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Keratinocytes , Porokeratosis , SkinABSTRACT
An epidermal cyst is a keratin-filled lesion lined by an epidermis and presents as a single or multiple intradermal or subcutaneous mass. Sorafenib (Nexavar®, BAY 43-9006) is a tumor angiogenesis inhibitor that is used for treatment of hepatocellular and renal cell carcinomas. Sorafenib can cause a variety of cutaneous toxicities-hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) and non-hand-foot skin reaction (non-HFSR). Symptoms of HFSR include paresthesia, tingling, burning or painful sensations of both palms and soles, and a decreased tolerance to hot objects. Non-HFSR cutaneous toxicities include yellow discoloration of the skin, alopecia, stomatitis, subungual splinter hemorrhages, facial swelling, keratoacanthomas, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, genital lesions, facial erythema, nevi, lentigenes, epidermal inclusion cysts, xerosis, etc. To our knowledge, the occurrence of epidermal cysts after sorafenib intake is very rare and has not yet been reported in Korea. Herein, we report a rare case of a hepatocellular carcinoma patient with multiple epidermal cysts following sorafenib intake.